In other words, it is the idea that mental exercise, social interaction, and brain-stimulating activities, like cognitive training, can build up “reserve”, thereby helping to stave off declining memory, thinking, and cognitive function. Cognitive Reserve – describes the mind’s resistance to damage of the brain.Simply put, the brain adapts, and changes itself, based on input from the body, and from the environment. Neuroplasticity allows the neurons (nerve cells) in the brain to compensate for injury and disease, and to adjust their activities in response to new situations, or to changes in their environment. It is the brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. Neuroplasticity – also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that describes lasting change to the brain throughout an animal’s life.Neuroscientific research now indicates that experience can actually change both the brain’s physical structure ( anatomy) and functional organization ( physiology).Īs a result of this new realization, three terms have emerged as driving concepts in the world of neuroscience: Neuroplasticity, Cognitive Reserve and Neurogenesis. These studies demonstrate that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Decades of research now show that many aspects of the brain remain changeable throughout one’s lifetime. However, the world of neuroscience has been flipped on its head.
Until about the 1970s, the scientific community largely believed that the brain was only “plastic,” or changeable, in early childhood, and was then “set” for the rest of one’s life. Our understanding of the human brain has changed dramatically over the past few decades.
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